What is periodontics?
Periodontics is the area of Dentistry that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the periodontal, i.e. disease of tooth-supporting tissues, which surround the teeth. The periodontal are the gums the περιρρίζιο, the bone of cells and the οστείνη. The most common situations is the gingivitis, the periodontitis and the most people of the gums. The main and most common cause of these diseases is the accumulation of microbial plaque. The diseases of the gums is responsible for the loss most of the teeth.
Teeth lost to periodontal disease may be replaced with Dental Implants or Bridges.
When should I visit the Dentist?
The diseases of periodontal disease it is “tricky” without severe symptoms and moving quietly as due to the chronic nature of them presented acute symptoms (pain and swelling), and so most of the time the diagnosis is random and is in the attendance of the patient to the surgery for any other reason.
Early signs is:
- bleeding during brushing or flossing
- redness of the gums which is an indication of inflammation
- gums swollen
- bad taste or breath
- or you can't locate any symptom
Later symptoms include:
- stripping of the roots from the bone and the gums, causing the teeth to seem “longer” due to the revelation of the roots
- sensitivity to cold
- abscesses
- “relaxation” or mobility of teeth
- and eventually loss of teeth
Gentlemen risk factors of creation and development of periodontal disease
- Smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Poor oral hygiene
- Crowded teeth
- Immunosuppression
- Systemic diseases that cause disorders of the body's defence
Types of gum disease
Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis and eventually lead to tooth loss and other health problems.
The periodontal diseases, including the gingivitis and periodontitis, are serious infections which if left untreated can lead to tooth loss. The word periodontal literally means "around the tooth". Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and the bone that supports the teeth. Periodontal disease can affect one tooth or many teeth. It begins when the bacteria of the dental plaque (the sticky, colorless film that constantly formed on your teeth) causes inflammation in the gums.
Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. As a result the gums to become red, swollen and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is often caused by insufficient oral hygiene. The gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home care.
Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. With time, plaque can spread and grow below the gum line. The toxins produced by the bacteria in the plaque irritate the gums. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the body in essence turns on itself, and the tissues and bone that support the teeth are falling apart and destroyed. The gums separating from the teeth, forming niches (spaces between the teeth and gums) that become infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more ουλικός tissue and bone is destroyed. Often, this destructive process has very mild symptoms. Eventually, teeth can loosen and may need to be removed.
There are many forms of periodontitis. The most common include the following.
- Aggressive periodontitis: observed in patients who are otherwise clinically healthy. Common features include rapid attachment loss and destruction of the bone.
- Chronic periodontitis: result in the inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss and bone. This is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis and is characterized by the formation of follicles and /or the retreat of the gums. It is prevalent in adults, but can occur at any age. Deterioration of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but there can be periods of rapid progression .
- Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases: often starts at a young age. Systemic diseases such as heart disease, diseases of the respiratory system and diabetes are associated with this form of periodontitis.
- Necrotizing periodontal disease(acute ελκονεκρωτική gingivitis-periodontitis): it is an infection characterized by necrosis of ουλικών tissue, the periodontal ligament-including ligament and the alveolar bone. These lesions were more frequently observed in individuals with systemic diseases, such as HIV infection, malnutrition and immunosuppression.
